Combination lock



D .14,1937. FKHEYE 2,102,519

COMBINATION LOCK FiledDec. 5, 1935 y 5 shees-sheet 1 ATTORNEY (5 Sheets-Sheet 2 F. K. HEYER COMBINATION LOCK Filed Dec. 5, 1953 Dec. 14, 1937.

w m. 3 Fm Q m 8 rug m I, m3 4 1 F s 4 m a .m fl H. A M m .1; H m h Z n A m w o i a 4 aw F lba 42 5 INVENTOR F/fl/ er ATTORNEY Dec. 14, 1937; F. K. HEYER COMBINATION LOCK 3 Sheets -Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 5, 1933 //v VENTOR Heye vIlIlll/l,rIlIlIIIIlIIl/llilil mun-- A TTORNE y Patented Dec. 14, 1937 COMBINATION LOCK Frederic K. Heyer, Stamford, Conn, assignor to The Yale & Towne Mfg. 00., Stamford, Conn, a corporation of Connecticut Appiication December 5, 1933, Serial No. 700,995

35 Claims.

anism, the operation being dual in so far as it pertains to the operation of the bolt mechanism through a single bolt retracting cam.

In connection with this dual operation, a further feature of the invention is embodied in the bolt operating means for retracting and then arrangement of the mechanism so that the bolt may be retracted by the key mechanism and thrown by the tumbler mechanism.

A further feature of my invention is embodied in the arrangement of means for automatically and positively dispersing the combination as the bolt mechanism is thrown into a fully locked position.

An important featureof my invention embodies means whereby an actuator is connected to the projecting the bolt, this connection being main- J tained until the bolt is substantially thrown. This feature is of importance especially in a dead bolt lock. An auxiliary feature is the control of the tumblers over this connection, so as to require the setting up of the combination.

' While I will show in my drawings a particular embodiment of my invention and will explain in the specifications its detailed construction, it should be understood that I believe my invention to be relatively broad in scope; and that I feel myself entitled to broad claims covering a relatively wide field of equivalents;

I shall now refer to the drawings wherein Fig. 1- is a view of the bottom of the lock casing showing the bolt and cam mechanism therein. Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing in addition the. combination disperser and the tumbler fence in position. Fig. 3 is a further view along the lines of Figs. 1 and 2 showing the tumbler operating cam in its operating'position, and the cam fence in its position relatively thereto. Fig. 4 is drawn along the lines of Fig. 3 but shows the cam fence in outward relation to the cam member and the bolt in locked position. Fig. 5 is a View along the lines of Fig. 3 showing the mechanism when the bolt is partially withdrawn. Figs. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D are various views showing the relation of the cam fence and the tumbler fence to the disperser and tumbler mechanism.

Fig. 6 illustrates the operation of the bolt by. I the key operated mechanism and'Fig. 'GAis a view similar to Fig. 6 showing the parts of Fig. 6 in a slightly different position with the bolt throwing cam moving in a bolt throwing direction. Figs. 7A and 7B are respectively side and elevation views of the bottom half of the lock casing.

Figs. 8A and 8B are respectively side and elevation views of the bolt of my invention. Figs. 9A and 9B show side and elevation views of the bolt operating cam of my invention and its relation to the central tumbler carrying post. Figs. 10A and 103 show elevation and side views of the disperser member. Figs. 11A and 11B show elevation and side views of the tumbler fence. Figs. 12A and 12B show side and elevation views of the tumbler actuator fence. Figs. 13A and 133 show side and elevation views of the tumbler supporting member for anchoring the tumblers relatively to the casing. Figs. 14A and 1413 show side and elevation views of a tumbler forming a portion of my invention. Figs. 15A and 15B illustrate an actuator washer which is located relatively to the tumbler of Fig. 14. for determining the combination thereof. Figs. 16A and 163 show side and elevation views of a washer adapted to occupy a position between tumblers. Figs. 17A and 1713 show top and sectional views of the tumbler op- .erator. Figs. 18A and 18B show side and elevation views of the top plate of the lock casing. Fig. 19 is a perspective view of the bolt throwing spring while Fig. 20 is a view of a spring utilized in connection with a lock having key operating mechanism.

Fig. 21 shows my lock assembled relatively to a locker or cabinet with the bolt in thrown position and the combination dial and key actuated mechanism attached to the front thereof. Fig. 22 is drawn partially in section along the lines 22-22 of Fig. 21 and illustrates the method of changing thecombination while the lock is attached to the locker casing. Figs. 23A and 23B are taken along 40 line 23A23A of Fig. 23 and show the relation of the combination maintaining stud in its two positions. Fig. 23 is a sectional view of the assembly of the combination dial relatively to the front": plate of the lock and the tumbler operating cam, and. shows the key operated clutch mechanism. Figs. 24 and 25 illustrate more in detail the operation of the clutch mechanism. 7

Fig. 26 is a view of the lock with the top plate assembled relatively thereto and showing the tumbler operating cam. Fig. 27 is a bottom view of the V mechanism of Fig. 23. Fig. 28 is a View of the key utilized in connectionwith the mechanism of Fig. 23'. Figs. 29 and; 29A illustrate the construction of the combination maintaining stud whose opera tion is best shown in Figs. 23, 23A, and 23B.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings andespecially to Figs. 7A to 20inclusive, I will indicate first the component portions or parts of my lock mechanism which are adapted to lie in the lock casing shown particularly in Figs.

. 7A and 7B. The lock casing ID has apair of ears I I drilled at l2 for screws whereby the casing may be fastened to a door. points l3 for the positioning of the lugs I4 of the top plate member shown in Figs. 18A and 18B. A hole IS in the casing [0 has a screw threaded outside abutment I! and is utilized for the purpose of changing the combination as will be de scribed more in detail later.

In Figs. 8A and 83 there is shown the bolt is having the nose l9, and adapted to slide in the casing 10 and tobe guided by the lugs 20 and 2| integral with the bottom of the casing. For operating the bolt, there is provided a bolt operating member 22 (Figs. 9A and 9B) which is integral with the tumbler supporting shaft 23'and has a bolt operating portion 24 adapted to fit into the cut-out portion 25 of the boltfor operating the bolt as will be readily understood. The lower end'26 of the post 23 is adapted to rest in the bore 2Iat the bottom of the lock casing I 9 shown in J Fig. 7B.

The bolt operating member 22 is also equipped with a post 28 .upon which is adapted to be pivoted the tumbler fence member 29 shown in Figs.

. 11A and 11B, this member having a spring 30 which cooperates with the lug 31 on the bolt oper ating member 22 for constantly urging the tumbler .fence' 2,9- in. a counter-clockwise direction about its pivot on the shaft 28,.ancl in a direction tending'to bring it against the periphery of the tumblers as will be more particularly. indicated later in the specification.

. .In Figs. 12A and 12B there is shown the tumbler actuator fence member 32 which has a bearing at 33 whereby it also may be mounted on'the' fence 32 is adapted to rest in a cut-out portion 31 a of the tumbler fence 29 so as to prevent clockwise movement of the actuator fence 32 relatively to the tumbler fence 29 beyond the point where the pin 36 will come solidly against the end surface of the cut-rout portion 31'. It will readily be observed thatbecause of the relation between the a pin 36and the cut-out portiontl', the ordinary movement of the tumbler fence 29 in a counterclockwise direction, will serveto move the fence 32 in the same direction, while, should the fence 32 be held against its usual movement in a clockwise direction, the tumbler fence 29 will itself be free to move in a clockwise direction leaving the actuator fence 32 behind.

In Figs. 13A and-13B there is illustrated a member 38 having a sleeve portion 39 upon which are supported the tumblers 40 shown in Figs. 14A and. 14B; also the actuator members 4| shown in Figs. 15A and'15B, and the washer members shown in Figs. 16A and 163. The assembly of. these tumblers, washers, and actuators, on the member 39 is conventional, but the member 38 is rather unique in that once the tumblers are mounted on- The casing is cut out at its sleeve 39, the upper portion of the'sleeve is V staked over as at 43, so as to hold the tumblers assembled on the sleeve 39, the 'pin 44 of the member 38 being then adapted to enter the hole lock casing.

For rotating the tumblers, I prefer to utilize a tumbler actuator 45 shown more particularly in Figs. 17A and 1713. this member having a pin 45 which cooperates with one of the actuators 4! shown in Figs. 15A and'15B, for imparting rotary movement to the topmost tumbler which in turn imparts like movement to thenext'tumbler, etc. as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The actuator 45 is notched as at 41' for the entry of the nose 32a; of the actuator fence 32 as will be quite clear. In addition, the actuator-45 V has the cut-out portions 48 which are adapted to permit the entry of tongues protruding from the 24 of the-bolt operating member 22 cooperating with the bolt surface 25a, the member 22 being in turn maintained in this deadlocking position by the spring 49 of Fig. 19, as will be readily apparent. a

' Referring now to Fig. 2, the bolt is shown again in a fully thrown position, and the disperser 59 of Figs. 10A and 10B is shown spring pressed in a counterclockwise direction by its spring 5l cooperating withthe lug 3| of the bolt operating member 22. The counter-clockwise rotation of the disperser 59 is limited by a 'stop'pin 52 cooperating with the downward lug 53' integral'with the disperser; The. disperser has also an integral upstanding lug portion 54 and a shoulder portion 55 whose functions will be described later in the specification.

Referring now to Fig. 4, the bolt I8 is once again shown in its fully projected position, the tumbler fence member 29 is shown in the locked position of Fig" 2, and the actuator fence member 32 is shown mounted on its pivot 28 and superimposed on the tumbler fence .29. As is readilyapparent, the spring 34 of the actuator fence 32 acts tolurge the same in a clockwise direction relatively to'the fence 29 with which the spring 34 cooperates, and away from the surface of the periphery of the tumbler actuator 45 'which is shown superimposedon the tumblers and in tumbler operating position. The tumbler fence 29 is in turn pressed in the direction of the. tumbler surfaces by spring 30. It is held slightly away from the tumbler surfaces by the the shoulder portion 55 of the disperser member 'bination has been set and the nose 32a of the fence 32 has entered the actuator gating-41 coincidentally with the entry of the nose 2% ofthe tumbler fence 29 into thegating-s 40a of the'tumblers 49, all of course under pressureof the spring 30. It will be quite obvious that in the position of the parts in Fig. 3, it will be possible to obtain a coupled rotation of the actuator 45, the fence 32, the tumbler fence 29, the tumblers 49, and therefore the bolt operating member 22 whose pin 23 supports both the actuator and tumbler fences. This rotation of the parts is fully illustrated in Fig. which shows the bolt partially retracted.

It will be readily seen that with the bolt in the position of Fig. 5, the face 29a of the tumbler fence member 29 will abut the surface ma of the casing It). This will naturally tend to rotate the fence member 29 about its axis on the pivot 28 of the bolt operator 22, so as to Withdraw the nose 29b of the tumbler fence entirely from the gatings 49a of the tumblers 40.

It will be apparent that this movement is against the pressure of spring 39 of the fence member 29. It will also be apparent that there will be a tendency for the actuator fence 32 to move with member 29, especially since the fence 32 is normally spring pressed away from the actuator 45 by its spring 34. Means must therefore be provided for maintaining the fence nose 32a in the actuator gating 41 in order that further control over the bolt operator 22 through its pin 28 be retained. Such means form part of disperser member 59 and will appear presently.

The disperser member 59 is so arranged that while it allows for control of the bolt operator 22 it takes advantage of the outward movement of the nose 29b from the aligned tumbler gatings 40a to thereafter maintain the nose 2% out of the gatings so as to permit rotation of the tumblers relatively to the tumbler fence 29, which acts to offset the nose 29b relatively to the aligned tumbler gatings and thus disperses the combination in a commercially desirable manner. It will be recalled that the disperser member 50 is spring pressed to rotate in a counterclockwise direction relatively to the post 23 as isillustrated in Fig. 2, due to the pressure of its spring 5| against the lug 3! of the bolt operator 22. This counterclockwise movement, as will be remembered, is limited by the pin 52. It will be understood that as the parts move from the position of Fig. 3 to the position of Fig. 5, the disperser is also moved against the said spring pressure, being impelled by the nose 2% of the fence member 29. As soon as the nose 2% is withdrawn from the aligned tumbler gatings to its position in Figs. 5A and 5C the shoulder portion 55 of the disperser 50 will tend to spring against the nose 2% as is shown in Fig. 5A, thus acting to maintain the fence nose 2% out of the gatings 99a of the tumblers 49 in the same relation for instance as illustrated in Fig. 5D. The Figs. 5A and 5C illustrate this movement of the disperser.

As was already indicated, ordinarily, should the fence member 29 swing outwardly in the direction indicated in Figs. 5A, 5C and 5D, it would carry with it the actuator fence 32. However, the fence member 32 is so mounted that its nose 32a is maintained positively within the gating 41 of the cam member 45 by the action of the disperser as will now be indicated. The fence pin 36 is so related to the cut-out portion 31 of the tumbler fence 29, as was previously emphasized, that when the actuator fence nose 32a is solidly against the periphery of the actuator 45, the tumbler fence nose 2% is not in contact with the tumblers. In

other words, there is a slight advance of the nose 2% of tumbler fence 29 over the nose 32a of actuator fence 32, not sufficient, however, to permit appreciable entrance of the fence 32 into gating 41 until the fence nose 2% enters the tumbler gatings 40a.

Therefore, when the nose 2% is being moved out of the aligned gatings 40a, this movement is considerably in advance of the movement of the nose 32a from the actuator gating 41, so that when the nose 2% is entirely outside the tumbler gatings 49a. and the disperser member 59 moves upwardly to insure its maintenance out-v side the gatings, the nose 32a is still within the gating 41. The movement of the disperser 59 whereby it brings its portion against the nose 2% of fence 29, is capable also of simultaneously moving the upstanding lug portion 54 into position to cooperate with a downwardly extending lug 54a on the actuator fence 32, and thereafter the fence 32 will be maintained with its nose 32a within the gating 41 of the tumbler operator 45 until the bolt is fully retracted, and from then on until the bolt is in a practically fully thrown position. This relation of the upstanding lug 54 of the disperser with the downward lug portion 54a of the actuator fence 32 is illustrated in Fig. 53, wherein the tumbler fence 29 is adapted to occupy the position relatively to the disperser 50 that is illustrated in Fig. 5A, thus showing that simultaneously with the locking of the nose 29b of the tumbler fence 29 outwardly of the gatings 49a of the tumblers 40, the nose 32a of the actuator fence 32 is locked within the gating 4'! of the actuator 45 for the particular purposes to be described later.

It has been found also that there is sufficient frictional contact between nose 32a of the fence 32 and the gating 41, that the nose will be maintained against the pressure of spring 34 within the gating 41 while the fence 29 is moved positively out of the tumbler gatings, thus permitting the disperser arm 54 to lock the nose 32a in the position of Fig. 5B. Also, as will be indicated later, a spring secured to the casing l9 cooperates with fence 32 to maintain the nose 32a in gating 4'! against the pressure of spring 34, once the fence 32 reaches the position of Fig. 6A. It is therefore possible to eliminate some and even all of the advance relation between fences 32 and 29.

From the position of the parts in Fig. 5, or in a more retracted position of the bolt, a movement in a counter-clockwise direction of the actuator 45 will act to throw the bolt l8 outwardly, due to the maintenance of the fence nose 32a, in

the gating 41, whereby control is maintained over r the bolt operator 22 whose pin 28 carries the fence 32. This movement of actuator 45 carries with it the fence 29 and is independent of the tumblers which remain behind, sothat the fence nose 2% is displaced relatively to the gatings 40a. When the disperser 59 and other parts move to approximately the position of Fig. 2, a change occurs. In this position, which is reached just prior to the time that the bolt 18 is fully projected through movement of the portion 24 of the bolt operator 22, it is readily seen that further counter-clockwise movement of the disperser 5D is impossible because stop pin 52 abuts the lug 53 of the disperser. Therefore, the disperser remains in this particular position while the actuator 45, its gating 41, fence 29, and the nose 32a of fence 32 move further in a counterclockwise direction. This naturally withdraws the lug portion 540. of the fence 32 from cooperation with the upstanding lug 54 of the disperser 7 5 Lil so that the fence'32 is allowed to move freely to the position of Fig. 4 under the impelling force of its spring 34, This position is reached by the member 32 'just before the fullythrown position of the bolt I8 is reached, the bolt being then in a position however to be actuated by the spring 49 acting on the portion 24 of operator 22 to throw the bolt forcefully into a deadlocked position with the portion a deadlocked against the part 24 of the operator. This last movement moves the operator 22' and both the actuator fence and tumbler fence relatively to the actu-' ator 45 and the tumblers 4t and makes it necessary to reset the combination in order to once again retract the bolt. f

The sequential operation of the parts so far clescribed'may be indicated as follows: Rotation of the cam member 45 is adapted to align the tumbler gatings a and the gating 41 of the actuator opposite the noses 29b and 32a respectively of the tumbler fence 29 and the actuator fence 32. This alignment of the gatings and fences, forms an integral connection between the actuator 45, the fence members 29 and 32, the bolt operator 22 and the bolt is, so that the bolt may be moved to a fully retracted position by rotation of the parts in a clockwise direction from the position of Fig. 3 to the position of Fig. 5 and beyond until the bolt i8 is fully retracted. This movement of the parts acts, through cooperation of the surface 29a of the fence member 29 with the surface Illa of the casing, to withdraw the nose 29b'from the aligned gatings. a

This outward movement of the fence nose 2%, is taken advantage of by the disperser which is forced by the spring 5| in a counter-clockwise direction so that its shoulder moves relatively to nose 29?] as illustrated in Fig. 5C to maintain the nose in its position illustrated in Fig. 5A wherein the fence 29 will be maintained out of the aligned tumbler gatings. At the same time, the upstanding lug portion 54 of the disperser 50 will jump in behind the downward depending lug 54a of the fence 32 and will act to maintain the fence in the position of Fig. 5B with the nose 32a in engagement with the gating 41 of the actuator 45, so that there will be maintained an operating relation between the fence 32, actuator 45 and bolt operating member 22, necessary to impart outward movement to the bolt [8.

Thereafter, counter-clockwise rotation of the actuator 45 to throw the bolt will leave the tumblers behind so as to disperse them relatively to the tumbler fence 23. Further rotation in a counter-clockwise direction will operate to bring the disperser 55 and its lug 53 against pin 52, thus preventing further counter-clockwise rota tion of the disperser 53, so that the continued rotation of the actuator 65 and fence member 32 in a counter-clockwise direction will permit the separation of the depending lug 54a from the upstanding lug 54 of the disperser andwill allow the spring 34;to move the fence 32 out of the gating 4? of the actuator 45. .It will also release the tumbler fence member 29. This operation takes place just before the bolt has reached a fully thrown position, which fully thrown position will then be imparted to it by the action of the spring 49 against the upstanding cam'part 24 of the bolt throwing lever 22.

In Figs. 6 and 6A I illustrate the operation of the bolt l8 by a key operated mechanism which actuates directly the bolt operator 22 by means of the shaft 23. The operation of 'this key operating mechanism will be illustrated later in this specification, but it is sufficient for the description of Figs. 6A and 6 to indicate that the key operated mechanism rotates the shaft 23 without the intermediary of the tumbler mecha-' nism. 'This rotation of the shaft 23 simply car ries with it the bolt operating cam 22 and the nose'24 thereof which cooperates with the cutout slot 25 in the bolt l8 for actuating the same. It is quite clear that the operation is simple and direct ancl'that the bolt maybe thrown or retracted without any incidental operation of the tumbler mechanism.

It is' interesting to note that if the parts are left in the position of Fig. 6 with'the'bolt retracted, it is unnecessary to operate the shaft 23 directly through the key operated mechanism, but that it is possible in the position of the parts in Fig. 6 to throw the bolt by rotation of the actuator 45 by the combination setting dial. The operation is best illustrated in Fig. 6A; be noted that the gating 41 of the actuator 45 is practically in a vertical position in Fig. 6.'

Rotation in a counter-clockwise direction will gradually bring the gating 4i into the position it occupies inLFig. 6A wherein the nose 32a. of the fence 32 will be adapted to enter therein. This movement of the fence 32 is possible because the pressure of'the spring is suflicient to overcome the pressure of the fence spring 34 tending always to swing the member 32 in a clockwise direction. .It is quite'obvious that in this position of the parts, the upstanding lug 54 of the disperser 50'enters behind the depending lug 54a of the fence 32 to maintain its nose 32a in the camgating 41;

It will be readily appreciated that rotation of the actuator 45 in a counter-clockwise direction from the position of Fig. 6A will cause the entire assembly to move in the same direction until the parts reach the position just prior to that illustrated in, Fig. 2.with, the stop member 53 of disperser 58 against the lug 52 of the casing. Thereafter, countereclockwise rotation of the fence 32 with. the actuator 45'will act to re-- lease the lug 54a from the upstanding lug 54' of the disperser so that the member 32 may, move to its position of Fig. 4 and so that the spring 49 may complete the full throw of the bolt l8 and'bring'it into a deadlocking position relatively to the portion 24 of the bolt operator 22.

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 21 to 29' inclusive, 1 will describe the feature of my invention which relates to'the changing of the combination while the lock is attached to the The lock casing i0 is secured through means of the ears and bolts 61 and nuts 62, to the surface of a door 63. On the outer surface of the door 63, there is secured the main base plate 64 bearing the usual indicator relatively to which the combination dial 65 is rotated.

The dial 65 'is retained relatively to the plate 64 by the shoulder 66 of the knob 61. The knob in turn is maintained in assembled relation to the plate'64 through means of the spring ring 68, all of which is shown clearly in Figi23. In order to rotate the dial 65 together with the member It will 61, a peculiar type of mutilated stud ,89 is used. This stud is carried by the knob 61 and has a portion 18 which is adapted to ride into any one of a series of scalloped portions 'H in the dial member 65 as is clearly shown in Figs. 23A and 233. It will be readily understood that when this portion 10 of the stud 58 is in one of the scalloped portions "H as is best shown in Fig. 233, the dial 65 must rotate with the knob member 61. However, when the stud E8 is rotated so that its mutilated portion 12 is opposite one of the scallops H as in Fig. 23A, the knob 61 may rotate relatively to the dial 65 so that the combination relation between the dial 65 and the knob 61 may be altered.

Therefore, in order to change the combination, the abutment I! built up on the back of case I8, is utilized, The screw threaded member 13 may be removed from the abutment as is best shown in Fig. 22, thus permitting a screw driver It to be inserted through the hole It, and into the stud 69. This stud 69 is particularly constructed as shown in Figs. 29 and 29A with a bevelled inclined side Eta, so that pressure of the screw driver will readilyfindthe adjustment slot 10b, whereupon the stud may be rotated to its position of Fig. 23A and the combination changed. Then, the stud may be rotated to the position of Fig. 23B relatively to the dial 65 and the combination secured in the changed position. Naturally, the combination may only be changed when the door is in an open position, so that its manipulation is only possible by those knowing the combination, and therefore, authorized to change it.

For operating the tumbler actuator cam 45 I utilize a member 11. This member TI is mounted for integral movement with the knob member 61 so that the two prongs 18 which are adapted to enter the cut-out portion 48 of the actuator 45, will normally make the knob 61 operative to set the combination in the usual way as is disclosed in the Brauning application already referred to. A furthermember 19 is secured against endwise movement relatively to the member 11 and has a downward extending portion 88 equipped with a rib 8! adapted to cooperate with the cut-outi portion 82 of the central. operating shaft 23. However, this portion 88 has no rotating connection with the knob iil' under ordinary circumstances so that the rotation of the knob 8'! does not affect the part 8!] and it remains in a fixed relation to the shaft 28 because of the rib connection 8l-82.

However, whenever it is desired to operate the central shaft 23 by key rather than by combination, anyone possessing the key of Fig. 28 may operate the key plug 83 of a usual cylinder lock, Preferably, the knob 67 may itself form the cylinder part of the lock; The plug 83 has a cam portion 84 best shown in Figs. 24 and 25, which cam portion is adapted to effect an operative engagement between the knob 61 and the operating portion Bil. For effecting this operationth'ere are mounted about the cam member 84, a pair of clutch members 85 and 86, normally kept by a spring 8! in close engagement with the cam 84 as is best shown in Fig. 24. The inner portion of the member 88 is serrated as at 88 for cooperation with teeth 89 on the clutch members 85 and 86. It will be quite obvious that when the cam member 8 1. of the cylinder 83 is rotated to its position of Fig. 25, the teeth 89 will have been forced into engagement with'the serrated surface. 88 of the member 85) and the cam 84 will not be allowed to rotate further relatively to the cylinder lock 83, so as to ,form a fixed clutching engagement between the various parts. parent that under these circumstances, there will be a fixed rotation of the elements 61, 83, 84,85 and 88, adapted to rotate the shaft 23 and the bolt operator 24.

I claim:

1. In a combination lock, a bolt, a bolt operating member, a series of tumblers having gatings, an actuator for rotating said tumblers, a tumbler fence member cooperable with said tumblers and adatped to enter their gatings when aligned, an actuator fence adapted to engage said actuator as said tumbler fence member enters the tumbler gatings, and means whereby said actuator fence is thereafter operable to actuate said bolt operating member to retract and throw said bolt. I

2. In a combination look, a bolt, a bolt operating member, a series of tumblers having gatings, an actuator for rotating said tumblers, a tumbler fence member cooperable with said tumblers, and adapted to enter their gatings when aligned, an actuator fence adapted to engage said actuator as said tumbler fence member enters the tumbler gatings, and means of connection between said actuator fence and said bolt operating member whereby when the actuator fence is engaged with said actuator, the rotation of said actuator will actuate said boltoperating member.

3. In a combination lock, a bolt, a rotary bolt operator for retracting and throwing said bolt, a series of rotary tumblers having gatings, an actuator for rotating said tumblers to align their gatings, an actuator fence and a tumbler fence mounted on said bolt .operator, means for connecting said actuator fence with said actuator as said tumbler fence enters the aligned tumbler gatings, whereby rotation of said actuator thereafter will retract and project said bolt.

4. In a combination look, a bolt, a bolt operating member, a series of tumblers having gatings, an actuator for rotating said tumblers to align said gatings, an actuator fence for actuating said bolt operating member and itself adaptedto engage said actuator for operation thereby, a tumbler fence arranged to enter said tumbler gatings when theyare aligned, and means whereby said tumbler fence and said actuator fence are It will be quite ap interconnected for entrance into their respective gatings.

5. In a combination look, a bolt, an operator meber having a cam for moving said bolt, a tumbler fence member carried by said operator member, an actuator fence carried by said operator member, a series of tumblers, an actuator for rotating said tumblers and having a gating for cooperation withsaid actuator fence whereby to form an operating chain with said fence and the bolt operator for operating said bolt, said actuator fence and said tumbler fence being movable respectively into the actuator gatings and into the aligned tumbler gatings, the actuator and its fence being then rotatable to actuate the bolt operator to withdraw the bolt, means whereby said tumbler fence is removed from the aligned tumbler gatings when said bolt is retracted, means for maintaining it in its removed position, means for locking said actuator fence within the actuator gating, and means whereby said actuator fence is released from the actuator gating as said bolt is fully thrown. I

6. In a combination lock, a bolt, an operator member having a cam for moving said bolt, a tum bler fence member carried by said operator member, an actuator fence carried by said operator member, a series of tumblers, an actuator for ro-' tatingsaid tumblers and having a gating for co operation with said actuator fence wherebyfto' form an operating chain with said fence and the bolt operator for operating said bolt, said actua tor fence and said fence being movable into the tumbler gatings and said actuator gatings when said gatings are properly aligned, the actuator and its fence being then rotatable to actuate the operator member to withdraw'the bolt, means whereby said tumbler fence is removed from the aligned tumbler gatings when said bolt is re and means for rotating said post and moving said operating member to retract the bolt independently of said tumblers and the means controlled thereby.

8; In a combination lock, a bolt, an operating member for retracting said bolt, a post integral with said operating member, a series of tumblers having gatings and loosely mounted for free rotation about said post, means for setting said tumblers to align the gatings, a fence member adapted to enter the gatings, means connecting the fence member to said operating member whereby to retract said bolt when-said tumblers are set and subsequently rotated, and key actuated means adapted to rotate said post independently of said tumblers and fence so as to actuate said operating member to retract the bolt.

9. In a combination lock, a series of tumblers and actuators, a removable sleeve member about which said tumblers and actuators are assembled, means for securing said tumblers and actuators against movement oifsaid sleeve member while permitting their free rotation thereon, and means secured to said sleeve member in ofi'set relation thereto for maintaining said sleeve member against rotation in said lock.

'10. In a combination lock, a casing, a sleevelike member, a series of tumblers mounted on said sleevelike member, means retaining said tumblers in stacked relation on said 'sleevelikemember so that said tumblers may be inserted and removed from said casing as a unit with said vsleevelike member, and nesting means on said casing adapted to receive said sleevelike member and tumblers and to hold said sleevelike member against rotation with said tumblers while permitting free endwis'e removal of said sleevelike member and tumblers.

11. Ina combination look, a casing, a sleevelike member, a series of tumblers mounted on said sleevelike member, means retaining said tumblers in stacked relation on said sleevelike member so that said tumblers may be inserted and removed from said casing as a unit with said sleevelike memb r, nesting means on said casing, said sleevelike member having an offset portion, and means onsaid offset portion cooperable with said nesting means for maintaining said sleevelike member and tumblers in proper position in said casing while permitting free endwise removal of said sleevelike member and tumblers,

7 12. In a combination lock, a bolt, a bolt operating member, a series of tumblers having gatings,

an actuator'for rotating said tumblers, a tumbler fence member cooperable with'said tumblers and adapted to enter-their gatings when aligned, an actuator fence adapted to engage said actuator as said tumbler'fence member enters the tumbler gatingsand means of connection between said actuator fence and said bolt operating member whereby when the actuator fence is engaged with the actuator, therotation of said actuator will retract said bolt, means for forcing said tumbler fence out, of the tumbler gatings incidental to the retraction of said bolt, and means for forcing said actuator fence from engagement with the actuator as said bolt is about to be fully projected.

13. In a combination look, a bolt, a rotary bolt operator for retracting and throwing said bolt, a series of rotary tumblers having gatings, an actuator for rotating said tumblers to align their gatings, an actuator fence and a tumbler fence mounted on said bolt operator, means for connecting said actuator fence with said actuator and said tumbler fence with the aligned tumbler gatings, whereby rotation of said actuator will retract and project said bolt, means'whereby said tumbler fence is withdrawnfrom said tumbler gatings as said actuator and fences rotate in retracting said bolt, and means whereby said actuator fence is moved from engagement with said cam.

14. In a combination lock, a dead bolt, an operator for retracting and throwing said bolt, an actuator fence for moving said operator to retract and throw said bolt, an actuator having a gating into which said fence fits whereby rotation of said actuator moves said fence to actuate said operator in both a bolt throwing and bolt retracting direction, combination tumblers and a tumbler fence, means whereby said tumblers and tumbler fence prevent the entryof said actuator fence into said actuator gating until, said tumblers are properly aligned relatively to said tumbler fence,

andmeans whereby said actuator fence is impelled to leave-said actuator gating just as said bolt is moved to a nearly fully thrown-position.

15. In a combination lock, a bolt, key operated mechanismfor retracting and throwing said bolt, said key operated mechanism being so constructed that thekey may be withdrawn when the bolt is operated to a retracted position, rotatablev com bination tumblers in said lock having gatings, means operable by said tumblers when said gatings are aligned for retracting and projecting said bolt, said means being so positioned when the bolt is retracted by said'key operated mechanism as to engage a gating in one of said tumblers upon idle rotation thereof, whereby said tumbler rotation throws the bolt from its key retracted position without the incidental setting up of all the combination tumblers.

16. In a combination lock, a bolt, key operated mechanism for operating said bolt, said key mechanism being so positioned when the bolt is retracted that the key may be withdrawn leaving the bolt retracted, combination tumbler mechanism in said lock, an actuator for operating said tumbler mechanism, means for operating said bolt when said tumbler mechanism is properly set, said means being so positioned When'the bolt is retracted by said key as to engage said actuator upon idle rotation thereof, whereby to throw the bolt fromitskey retracted position without the incidental setting up of the combination tumblers.

17. In a combination look, a bolt, key operated means for retracting and projecting said bolt, said key operated means being arranged. to per mit removal of the key when the bolt is retracted, combination tumblers in said lock having the usual gatings, an actuator for rotating said tumblers to'align the gatings, a fence adapted to enter said aligned gatings, means movable to form a connection between said actuator and bolt when said fence moves into the tumbler gatings whereby the bolt may be retracted and projected independently of said key operated means, said means being so positioned when the bolt is retracted by said key means as to engage said actuator upon idle rotation thereof, whereby to throw said bolt from its retracted position without the incidental setting up of the combination tumblers.

18. In a combination look, a bolt, an operator for retracting and throwing said bolt, an actuator fence for moving said operator to retract and throw said bolt, an actuator having a gating into which said fence fits whereby rotation of said actuator moves said fence to actuate said operator, means whereby said fence is impelled to leave said actuator gating at a point just before said bolt member reaches a fully thrown position, combination tumblers and a tumbler fence, means whereby said tumblers and tumbler fence prevent the entry of said actuator fence into said actuator gating until said tumblers are properly aligned relatively to said tumbler fence, and a spring means'arranged to became effective at said point for fully throwing said bolt from that point to a fully thrown, position whereby said fence is dispersed relativelyto said actuator gat- 19. In a combination lock, a bolt, a bolt operating member, a series of tumblers having gatings, an actuator for rotating said tumblers to align said gatings, an actuator fence for actuating said bolt operating member and itself adapted to engage said actuator for operation thereby, a tumbler fence adapted to enter said tumbler gatings when they are aligned, means whereby said fences are interconnected to enter their respective gatings together, means for forcing said tumbler fence out of said tumbler gatings as said bolt is retracted, means for releasing said actuator fence from engagement with said actuator just before said bolt reaches a fully thrown position, and a spring for thereafterfully throwing said bolt.

20. In combination lock, a bolt, a rotary bolt operator for retracting and throwing said bolt, 9. series of rotary tumblers having gatings, an actuator for rotating said tumblers to align their gatings, an actuator fence and a tumbler fence mounted on said bolt operator, means for connecting said actuator fence with said actuator when said tumbler fence enters the aligned tumbler gatings whereby rotation of said actuator will retract and project said bolt, the entry of said tumbler fence into said gatings being a prerequisite to the connection of said actuator fence with the actuator, means whereby said tumbler fence is locked out of the tumbler gatings as said bolt is retracted, and means whereby said actuator fence is released from said actuator and back into the control of said tumbler fence just before said bolt reaches a fully thrown position, and spring means for thereafter fully projecting said bolt.

21. In a combination look, a bolt, an operator member having a cam for moving said bolt, a

tumbler fence carried by said operator member, an actuator fence carried by said operator member, means whereby said actuator fence is controlled in its movement by said tumbler fence, a series of tumblers, an actuator for rotating said tumblers and having a gating for cooperation with said actuator fence whereby to form an operating chain with said actuator fence and the bolt operator for operating said bolt.

22. In a combination look, a bolt, an operator member having a cam for moving said bolt, a tumbler fence carried by said operator member, an actuator fence carried by said operator member, means whereby said actuator fence is controlled in its movement by said tumbler fence, a series of tumblers, an actuator for rotating said tumblers and having a gating for cooperation with said actuator fence whereby to form an op erating chain with said actuator fence and the bolt operator for operating the bolt, said actuator fence and said tumbler fence being movable respectively into the actuator gating and into the aligned tumbler gatings, the actuator and its fence being then rotatable to actuate the bolt operator towithdraw the bolt.

23. In a combination look, a bolt, a rotary bolt operator for retracting and throwing said bolt, a series of rotary tumblers having gatings, an actuator for rotating said tumblers to align their gatings, an actuator fence and a tumbler fence mounted on said bolt operator, means for connecting said actuator fence with said actuator and said tumbler fence with the aligned tumbler gatings, whereby rotation of said actuator will retract and project said bolt, means whereby said tumbler fence is withdrawn from said tumbler gatings as said actuator and fences rotate in retracting said bolt, and means whereby said actuator fence is movable into connection with the actuator under the control of said tumbler fence.

and a tumbler fence, .means whereby said tum-.

blers and tumbler fence prevent the entry of said actuator fence into said actuator gating until said tumblers are properly aligned relatively to said tumbler fence, means whereby said fence is impelled to leave said actuator gating just as said .bolt is moved toa nearly fully thrown position,

and a spring for moving said bolt to its fully thrown position from said nearly thrown position, the said final movement of said bolt being effective to move said operator and said fence relatively to said actuator gating.

25. In a combination look, a bolt an operating member for moving said bolt, a series of tumblers having gatings, an actuator for said tumblers also having a gating, an actuator fence and a tumbler fence mounted on said operating member, and means whereby said fences are adapted to enter simultaneously into said actuator and tumbler gatings when said gatings are properly aligned. I

26. In a combination look, a bolt, an operating member for moving said bolt, a series of. tumblers having gatings, an actuator for said tumblers also having a gating, an actuator fence and a tumbler fence mounted on said operating memto enter simultaneously into said actuator and tumbler gatings when said gatings are properly aligned, said actuator and tumblers and said fences being then rotatable to movesaid operating member and retract the bolt, and means whereby said tumbler fence is removed from'the aligned gatings upon retraction of said bolt whereby reverse rotation of said actuator and its fence will rotate the said fence relatively to the tumblers While projecting the bolt.

28. In a combination lock, a bolt, an operating member for moving said bolt, a series of tumblers having gatings, an actuator for said tumblers also having a gating, an actuator fence andra tumbler fence mounted on said operating member, and means whereby said fences are adapted to enter simultaneously into said actuator and tumbler gatings when said gatings are properly aligned, said actuator and tumblers and said fences being then rotatable to move said operat ing member and retract the bolt, means whereby said tumbler fence is removed from the aligned gatings upon retraction of said bolt whereby reverse rotation of said actuator and its'fence will rotate the said fence relatively to the tumblers while projecting the bolt, and means for'projecting the actuator fence from its gating when the bolt'reaches a substantially fully thrown posi tion.

29. In a combination lock, a bolt, an operating member for moving said bolt, a series of tumblers having gatings, an actuator for said tumblers also having a gating, an actuator fence and a tumbler fence mounted on said operating member, and

means whereby said fences are adapted to enter simultaneously into said actuator 'and tumbler gatings when said gatings are properly aligned, said actuator and tumblers and said fences being then rotatable to move saidoperating member and retract the bolt, means whereby said tumbler fence is forced out of said tumbler gatings as said bolt is retracted, spring means actuated by said fence movement and pressing thereafter on said actuator fence in a direction. to force it out of its actuator gating, and means for maintaining said actuator fence in its gating against the force of said spring means until said actuator has been rotated so as to move said actuator fence and the operating member to position the bolt in a'substantially fully thrown position. a r

30. In a combination look, a bolt, an operating member for moving said bolt, a seriesof tumblers having gatings, an actuator for said tumblers also having a gating, an actuator fence and a tumbler fence mounted on said operating member, and

means whereby said fences are adapted to enter simultaneously'into said actuator' and tumbler gatings when said gatings are properly aligned;

said actuator and tumblers and said fences being then rotatable to move said operating member and retract the bolt, means whereby said tumbler fence is forced out of said tumbler gatings as said bolt is retracted, spring means actuated by said fence movement and pressing thereafter on said actuator fence in a direction to force it out of its actuator gatingjand means for maintaining said actuator fence in its gating against the force of said spring means until said actuator has been rotated so as to move said actuator fence and the operating memberto position the bolt in a substantially fully thrown position, and a spring adapted to throw said bolt from said substantially fully thrown position to a fully thrown position.

31. In a combination lock, a dead bolt, an operator for retracting and projecting said dead bolt, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence cooperable with said gatings, an actuator, means connected with said dead bolt operator and engageable with said actuator for actuating the operator for retracting and projecting said dead bolt, means for preventing the engagement of connected'with, said dead bolt operator and engageable with said actuator for actuating the operator for retracting and projecting said dead bolt, means for preventing the engagement of said first means and. said actuator until said fence has entered said aligned gatings, means for maintaining said first means in engagement with said actuatorthereafter until said bolt is retracted and thereafter at least substantially projected, and I means whereby said tumbler fence'is ejected from the tumbler gatings prior to the projection of said bolt.

33.&In a combination look, a dead bolt,an operator for retracting and projecting said dead bolt, a series of tumblers having gatings, a tumbler fence-cooperable with said gatings, an actuator, an actuatorfence connected with. said dead bolt operator and engageable with said actuator for actuating the operator for retracting and projecting said dead bolt, means for preventing the engagement of said actuator fence and said actuator until said tumbler fence has entered said aligned gatings, and means for maintaining said actuator fence in engagement with said actuator thereafter until said bolt is retracted and thereafter at least substantially projected.

34. In a combination look, a dead bolt, an operator for retracting and projecting said dead bolt, a series of tumblersh'aving gatings,'a tumbler fence adapted to enter said gatings, an actuator having a gating, an actuator fence carried by said operator and adapted to enter the'gating of said actuator whereby rotation of said actuatorthereafter retracts and projects said dead bolt, means whereby the entry of said actuator fence into said actuator gating requiresthe entry of the tumbler fence into said.tumbler gatings, means whereby said tumbler fence is ejected from the tumbler gatings incidental to the operation of the dead bolt by said operator, a spring urging said actuator fence out of said actuator gating thereafter, and means maintaining said actuator fence in the actuator gating against the pressure of said spring until said bolt is substantially projected. 7

35. In a combination look, a dead bolt, an operatcr for retracting and projecting said dead bolt, a series of {tumblers having gatings, a tumbler fence adapted to enter said gatings, an actuator having a gating, an actuator fence carried by said operator and adapted to enter the gating of said actuator whereby rotation of said actuator thereafter retracts and projects said dead bolt, means whereby the entry of said actuator fence into said actuator gatings requires the entry of the tumbler fence into the tumbler gatings, means whereby said tumbler fence is ejected from 10 the tumbler gatings incidental to the operation of the dead bolt by said operator, a spring urging said actuator fence out of said actuator gating thereafter, means maintaining said actuator fence in the actuator gating against the pressure of said spring until said bolt is substantially projected, and means whereby said tumbler fence is movable with said actuator fence and relatively to said tumblers once it is ejected from the tumbler gatings.

FREDERIC K. HEYER. 

